Meaning, History, and Origins of Mexico’s Most Colorful Folk Art
Alebrijes are among the most recognizable forms of brightly colored Mexican folk art, known for their imaginative creatures, vibrant patterns, and deep cultural roots. Often associated with Oaxaca, these intricate wood carvings have become a symbol of creativity, craftsmanship, and Mexican identity. Below, we explore the history, meaning, and origins of this unique art form.
How I First Learned About Alebrijes:
I recently realized something funny—I had just learned what alebrijes actually were. Growing up, I remember watching a novela called Alebrijes y Rebujos, but at the time I never really knew what the word alebrijes meant. It was just a name, something familiar yet mysterious, and I never questioned it.
It wasn’t until I visited Oaxaca that I truly heard about alebrijes for the first time. Everywhere I looked, there were these incredible, brightly colored Mexican folk art pieces—wood carvings full of imagination, detail, and personality. Seeing them in person sparked my curiosity and made me want to understand their meaning and where they came from.
Later, back here in Las Vegas, I visited an exhibition called Colores de México, which featured a dedicated room showcasing alebrijes. Seeing them displayed as art, with explanations about their history and craftsmanship, made everything come full circle. That experience pushed me to dig deeper, learn their story, and truly appreciate the artistry behind them.
Here’s what I learned.
What Are Alebrijes?
Alebrijes are fantastical creatures made by combining elements of real and imaginary animals. These figures are known for their exaggerated features, expressive faces, and detailed designs painted in bold, vivid colors. Each piece is carefully carved and painted, making every alebrije one of a kind.
While early alebrijes were made from papier-mâché, today the most well-known versions are Oaxacan alebrijes, hand-carved from copal wood and painted by skilled artisans in family workshops.
Are Alebrijes Real?
Alebrijes are not real animals, but they are very real works of art. They exist as symbolic creatures born from imagination, dreams, and storytelling. Although fictional, they represent creativity, spirit guides, and artistic expression passed down through generations.
Who Created Alebrijes?
The first alebrijes were created by artist Pedro Linares in Mexico City in the 1930s. While ill, Linares experienced vivid dreams of strange, colorful creatures that repeatedly shouted the word “alebrijes.” Once recovered, he began recreating these visions using papier-mâché.
His work gained recognition and inspired many artists across Mexico, eventually influencing artisans in Oaxaca who transformed the craft into the wood-carved style we know today.
Where Are Alebrijes From?
Although the concept originated in Mexico City, modern alebrijes are most closely associated with Oaxaca. The villages of San Martín Tilcajete and San Antonio Arrazola, located near Oaxaca City, are internationally known for producing exceptional alebrijes.
In these towns, families operate family workshops, where each piece is made by hand—from carving the copal wood to painting intricate designs. San Martín Tilcajete in particular has become a hub for master artisans dedicated to preserving and evolving this tradition.
What Are Alebrijes Made Of?
Traditional Oaxacan alebrijes are made from copal wood, a soft and aromatic wood native to the region. The figures are carefully carved, dried (often over several months), sanded, and hand-painted. Many pieces take weeks or even months to complete, depending on size and detail.
Are Alebrijes Associated With Day of the Dead?
Alebrijes are not originally associated with Día de los Muertos (Day of the Dead). However, over time they have become part of broader Mexican cultural celebrations and are sometimes displayed during the holiday as symbolic or decorative elements. They are distinct from calaveras and ofrendas but are often appreciated for their spiritual and artistic meaning.
Where to Buy Alebrijes?
Authentic alebrijes can be purchased directly from artisan workshops in Oaxaca, especially in San Martín Tilcajeteand San Antonio Arrazola, or through curated folk art shops that work closely with Mexican artisans. Buying handcrafted alebrijes supports traditional techniques and helps preserve this important cultural heritage.
Why Alebrijes Matter
From their origins with one person, Pedro Linares, to the thriving workshops of Oaxaca today, alebrijes represent imagination, resilience, and tradition. Each figure reflects the hands that made it, the stories behind it, and the cultural pride of Mexican folk art.
Whether created in April or any time of year, alebrijes continue to evolve while honoring their roots—making them timeless works of art admired around the world.
